Nicotinamide

The title of "all-rounder" for niacinamide largely stems from its ability to function at different levels of the skin. Currently, there is clear scientific evidence supporting its following effects: 

1. Whitening and brightening. The whitening mechanism of niacinamide is unique. It can interfere with the transport process of melanosomes, that is, the transfer from melanocytes to surrounding keratinocytes. In short, it prevents melanin from being "delivered" to the surface of the skin, which leads to dull skin tone. At the same time, it can accelerate the shedding of keratinocytes containing melanin and promote skin renewal. Multiple studies have confirmed that consistent use of skin care products containing 2% to 5% concentration of niacinamide for 4 to 8 weeks can significantly improve uneven skin tone, fade pigmentation spots, and enhance skin radiance.

2. Oil control and acne prevention For oily and acne-prone skin, niacinamide is a good helper. It can regulate the activity of sebaceous gland cells, thereby reducing excessive sebum secretion. Studies have shown that after using 2% concentration of niacinamide externally for 2 weeks, the amount of oil on the skin surface is significantly reduced. 3. Repairing the barrier Healthy skin barrier is the key to resisting external stimuli and retaining water. Niacinamide can significantly promote the synthesis of key barrier lipids such as ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol in the stratum corneum. Especially ceramides, which are the "adhesives" of intercellular lipids, are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the barrier. By increasing these lipids, niacinamide can effectively enhance the skin barrier function, reduce transepidermal water loss, improve skin's water retention ability, and make the skin stronger, less sensitive, and less prone to dryness.

4. Anti-inflammatory and soothing properties: Niacinamide can inhibit the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This makes it effective in reducing skin redness, irritation, and inflammatory reactions. Clinical trials have shown that topical niacinamide can alleviate erythema caused by ultraviolet radiation and help improve inflammatory skin conditions such as rosacea and eczema.

5. Anti-aging and anti-wrinkling As we age, the levels of key coenzymes in the skin decrease, leading to weakened cellular energy metabolism and repair capabilities. Nicotinamide, as a precursor of NAD+, helps restore cellular energy levels and supports DNA repair. It also possesses strong antioxidant capacity, neutralizing free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and protecting cells from oxidative damage. More importantly, it can prevent harmful "glycation reactions" between proteins (such as collagen and elastin) and sugars, reducing the production of advanced glycation end products that cause skin yellowing and loss of elasticity. In addition, nicotinamide can stimulate the synthesis of collagen and elastin. These combined effects combat signs of skin aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles, sagging, and dull skin tone.

6. UV Protection: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the primary culprits behind skin aging and carcinogenesis, directly damaging the DNA of skin cells. Niacinamide enhances the skin's ability to repair UV-induced DNA damage by providing the energy necessary for repair and supporting DNA repair enzymes. This not only helps alleviate short-term sunburn reactions but may also reduce the long-term risk of UV-induced skin cancer.